sexually transmitted infections (stis)
sexually transmitted infections (stis), also known as sexually transmitted diseases (stds), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, and oral sex. many stis are initially asymptomatic, which can cause a greater risk of passing the infection to others.
stis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. common stis include chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, syphilis, and hiv/aids.
symptoms, when they occur, may include genital ulcers, discharge from the penis or vagina, burning during urination, and more severe outcomes like infertility.
diagnosis of stis usually involves physical examination, sample testing (such as urine, blood, or a swab from the genital area), and screening tests.
treatment depends on the type of sti. for bacterial stis, antibiotics are effective. viral stis can often be managed with antiviral medications, although some cannot be cured.
prevention strategies include the use of condoms, vaccination (for diseases like hpv and hepatitis b), and regular sti screening, especially for sexually active individuals.
