skin cancer

skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (uv) radiation from the sun or from tanning beds and lamps. there are several types of skin cancer, but the three most common are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, known collectively as non-melanoma skin cancers, are the most common and are usually very treatable. they typically develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin, like the head, face, neck, hands, and arms. melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour.

symptoms of skin cancer include new growths or sores that don't heal, changes in existing moles or skin lesions, and any unusual skin changes that persist. for melanoma, an easy way to remember the warning signs is to follow the abcde rule: asymmetry, border irregularity, colour changes, diameter greater than 6mm, and evolving size, shape or colour.

risk factors for skin cancer include fair skin, excessive sun exposure, history of sunburns, living in sunny or high-altitude climates, moles, a family history of skin cancer, a personal history of skin cancer, and weakened immune system.

diagnosing skin cancer typically involves a skin examination and a biopsy of the suspicious area.

treatment depends on the type, size, and location of the skin cancer and can include surgical removal, freezing (cryosurgery), scraping and electric current (curettage and electrodesiccation), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and biological therapy.

prevention of skin cancer is possible by avoiding excessive sun exposure, using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds. regular skin examinations by a healthcare professional and self-examinations are recommended for early detection.

advancements in the treatment of skin cancer, particularly melanoma, have significantly improved outcomes, including targeted therapies and immunotherapies.