ovarian cancer is caused by abnormal changes in the cells of the ovary that result in the formation of tumours,
according to cancer.ca
. the tumours vary depending on the type of cells that become cancerous and symptoms do not often present themselves in the early stages of the disease, often leading to delays in diagnosis or a misdiagnosis. actual symptoms, once they appear, include abnormal bleeding or discharge of a clear or white fluid from the vagina, a lump in the pelvis or abdomen and bladder issues and constipation.
researchers found that pap tests and swab samples collected from women contained more than 2,000 proteins also found in the primary tumours of women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. this group of proteins represent a tantalizing set of potential biomarkers that may be indicative of the early onset of ovarian cancer.
“this study is proof of concept that these biospecimens, the pap test and a swab of the cervix, could be developed for use in the detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers prior to surgery, but it does warrant further investigation,” said skubitz, who is also the director of the ovarian cancer early detection program at the u of m medical school.
skubitz said she envisions a future where these tests will be optimized for at-home, self-administered use, allowing women to collect samples at home and send them off to lab to determine the presence of the proteins that would be indicative of ovarian cancer. there’s still work to be done first, however. “our next step will be to use quantitative mass spectrometry to determine if these proteins or peptides are detected at higher levels in ovarian cancer pap tests or swabs compared to controls,” skubitz said “their presence alone is not sufficient for diagnosis.”