rh sensitization happens if you have rh-negative blood and are exposed to rh-positive blood. because the blood types don't match, you can develop antibodies against the rh-positive blood. if you are pregnant, you can become sensitized if your baby has rh-positive blood. exposure to your baby's blood happens most often during delivery. this often isn't a problem in the first pregnancy. but if you get pregnant again with an rh-positive baby, antibodies in your blood can attack the baby's blood cells and cause serious problems.
a blood test is the only way to know you have rh sensitization or are at risk for it.