the panel of science, medicine, and engineering experts from inside and outside the american government investigated five potential contributors to the syndrome: acoustic signals, chemical and biological agents, ionizing radiation, natural and environmental factors, and radiofrequency and other electromagnetic energy.
electromagnetic energy in the radiofrequency range could plausibly cause the symptoms experienced by the officials, the panel wrote. a radiofrequency pulse, capable of traveling through walls with only some loss to its power, could be produced from tens to hundreds of metres away with a concealable device that doesn’t require a large energy source.
however, there is still much to be determined before officials can reach a definitive conclusion about what caused these symptoms.
disagreements over the legitimacy of havana syndrome
investigations into havana syndrome have been plagued with disagreements over whether this incident occurred at all, although a small fraction of the reported cases do appear to defy any explanation that’s been offered so far.
doctors
involved with the investigations
in 2018 noted that symptoms somewhat resemble those of a
concussion
, although there were no known incidents of physical head trauma to the victims. the study has since been criticized for not taking into account psychological factors (ie. stress, hyper-awareness of potential threats, social contagion) or past history of head injuries.