the signs of schizophrenia are generally divided into three groups: positive, negative and cognitive. positive symptoms indicate the presence of abnormal mental experiences, such as hallucinations and delusions. these are often referred to as psychotic symptoms and indicate a patient may have lost touch with reality.
negative symptoms relate to a reduction or absence of the ability to function normally. this can include things such as losing interest in everyday life or neglecting personal hygiene. these symptoms, which are sometimes confused with clinical depression, reveal an absence of motivation that may impede rehabilitation efforts.
cognitive symptoms refer to thinking processes. people with schizophrenia often trouble with executive functions (prioritizing tasks), organizing thoughts and memory. this can manifest in a number of ways, including through disorganized speech, impaired communication or a lack of awareness of one’s own illness. patients may exhibit childlike behaviour, become easily agitated or act unpredictably in other ways.
it is important to note that suicidal thoughts and behaviour can be common in people with schizophrenia. if you think you or someone you know is at serious risk, seek medical assistance immediately.
how is schizophrenia diagnosed?
according to the centre for disease and mental health
, determining if a person has schizophrenia usually begins with a physical exam by a doctor or psychologist who will ask structured questions about how the patient is thinking and behaving. they may also seek more information from friends and family or anyone else with insight into the patient’s condition. imaging tests, such as an mri or ct scan, may be performed to rule out any other conditions that present similar symptoms and a psychiatric evaluation may be recommended, if necessary.
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