some types of sitting are better than others

however, one old behaviour that has persisted, and  has arguably been amplified due to covid-19, is sitting  — and it is not surprising to see why. whether sitting during transportation, work, screen time or even meals, everyday environments and activities are tailored nearly exclusively to prolonged sitting. as such, sedentary behaviours, like sitting, make up the vast majority of our waking day.

pre-covid-19 estimates place the  average canadian adult’s sedentary behaviour at around 9.5 hours per day . current daily sedentary time is likely even higher as a result of stay-at-home orders, limitations on businesses and recreational facilities, and  elevated health anxieties .

health vs. well-being

this is a problem, given that chronic excessive levels of sedentary time have been linked to  greater risk of diabetes, heart disease, mortality and even some cancers . however, for many people, their own judgments and feelings about their quality of life (also known as  subjective well-being ) may be more important and relevant for informing their health decisions and behaviours than potentially developing chronic diseases.

subjective well-being encompasses  an individual’s own evaluation of their quality of life . it includes concepts like  affect  (positive and negative feelings) and  life satisfaction . interestingly, these evaluations can conflict with physical health outcomes. for example, a person could have diabetes but still report good subjective well-being, while someone with no physical health conditions may report poor subjective well-being.

different contexts of sitting

relatively little research has examined the relationships between sedentary behaviour and subjective well-being. exploring these relationships is important, as different contexts of sitting — such as socializing versus screen time — may yield different feelings or judgments of subjective well-being, unlike relationships between physical health and sedentary behaviour, which  tend to be more consistent .

as health psychologists focused on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, we  reviewed the scientific literature  describing relationships between measures of sedentary behaviours such as physical inactivity and screen time, and subjective well-being as reflected by affect, life satisfaction and overall subjective well-being.

our review  highlights three main findings. first, sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity and screen time demonstrated weak but statistically significant correlations with subjective well-being. in other words, those who reported sitting more often and spending longer periods with no physical activity reported lower positive affect, higher negative affect and lower life satisfaction than those who sat less and moved more.

not all sitting is bad sitting

for example, screen time was consistently and negatively associated with subjective well-being. however, domains like socializing, playing an instrument and reading actually demonstrated positive associations with subjective well-being. these results differ from the traditional health-related sedentary behaviour research, in which  all sedentary behaviour is viewed as harmful to health .

less sitting is good for everyone

these findings suggest that how much an individual sits overall may not be as important as how much an individual sits compared to their usual level of sitting. this infers that anyone, regardless of how much they normally sit or  are physically active , may potentially benefit from sitting less.

covid-19 continues to influence daily life and routines. even as businesses and gyms eventually reopen, and we feel more comfortable gathering with others and eventually stop wearing masks, we will almost certainly continue to sit and sitting will continue to change how we feel. while we may not be able to eliminate all of our sitting, we can all be mindful of both how much we can reduce it and where we can reduce it from to be healthier  and  feel better.