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apple women’s health study releases survey data on a leading cause of infertility

polycystic ovary syndrome is poorly understood, even though it is thought to affect 1.4 million canadians and may be linked to heart health and insulin levels.

by emma jones

published mar 03, 2022

last updated feb 17, 2023

3 minute read

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3 minute read

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apple women’s health study releases survey data on a leading cause of infertility

polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in pre-menopausal women. getty

polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos), one of the leading causes of infertility, may correlate with other conditions related to heart health and insulin levels, according to preliminary data from apple health.

the apple women’s health study is a partnership between apple, the harvard t.h. chan school of public health and the national institute of environmental health sciences (niehs). the preliminary (not peer reviewed) data released this week is based on survey responses from roughly 30,0000 participants who answered questions regarding their reproductive and general medical health between november 2019 and december 2021.

pcos patients in the study were almost twice as likely as individuals without the condition to report they also had high blood pressure and high cholesterol, according to a statement sent to healthing apple health. respondents with pcos were also more likely to report an irregular heartbeat or arrhythmia (5.6 per cent of participants with pcos vs. 3.7 per cent of participants without), however, further statistical analysis is needed to determine if this difference is significant.

respondents with pcos were also roughly four times more likely to report pre-diabetic conditions and three times more likely to have type 2 diabetes, while 61 per cent reported living with obesity.

pcos: one of the most common endocrine disorders

polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders in pre-menopausal women and is thought to affect eight to thirteen per cent of women worldwide. approximately 1.4 million canadians are thought to have the condition, according to the journal of obstetrics and gynaecology canada.

pcos is a hormonal condition characterized by increased male hormones (androgen), according to johns hopkins university. previous research from the university of saskatchewan found a majority of study participants (79.7 per cent) with pcos also had hyperandrogenemia — an excessive amount of male hormones like testosterone and androsterone.

because of the hormonal imbalance, follicles in the ovaries may have trouble developing mature eggs that are released during the menstrual cycle, which can lead to irregular periods, infertility and the development of fluid-filled sacks on the ovaries (sometimes referred to as cysts). the same study from the university of saskatchewan also found that more than 90 per cent of participants with pcos also experienced oligoamenorrhea, experiencing only four to nine menstrual cycles per year.

pcos is also significantly correlated with insulin resistance, a condition where cells become less responsive to signals telling them to absorb blood sugar, causing the pancreas to pump out more and more insulin. high levels of insulin are also connected to hyperandrogenemia, which may point to a relationship between the two conditions and pcos.

and while insulin resistance is also correlated with obesity, according to one review looking specifically at the relationship between insulin resistance and pcos: “part of the insulin resistance appears to be independent of obesity and related specifically to pcos.” at the same time, many women with pcos do not have obesity, indicating that another relationship could be at play.

‘addressing the research gap in women’s health research’

for a condition characterized as one of the leading causes of infertility in women, there isn’t a lot of conclusive data on what causes pcos — although the likelihood of developing it is higher in women with close relatives who also have the condition — or how to treat it.

“international women’s day is an annual reminder that we need to ensure the health and well-being of women across the globe,” dr. shruthi mahalingaiah, a co-principal investigator on the apple health study project, and assistant professor of environmental, reproductive, and women’s health at the harvard t.h. chan school of public health, said in a statement provided to healthing. “to achieve this goal, we must understand the burden of gynecological disease by addressing the research gap in women’s and menstrual health research. our study hopes to empower women to contribute longitudinal, scientific data as they go about their everyday lives.”

emma jones is a multimedia editor with healthing. you can reach her at emjones@postmedia.com or on twitter @jonesyjourn

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apple women’s health study releases survey data on a leading cause of infertility

polycystic ovary syndrome is poorly understood, even though it is thought to affect 1.4 million canadians and may be linked to heart health and insulin levels.

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pcos: one of the most common endocrine disorders

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apple women’s health study releases survey data on a leading cause of infertility

polycystic ovary syndrome is poorly understood, even though it is thought to affect 1.4 million canadians and may be linked to heart health and insulin levels.

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